Afghanistan - ترجمة إلى الهولندية
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Afghanistan - ترجمة إلى الهولندية

COUNTRY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH ASIA
Afghanistan (1911 Encyclopedia); Afganistan; ISO 3166-1:AF; Afghanistan/Article from the 1911 Encyclopedia; Afghanestan; Afghan state; Afghansitan; Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan; Afghanistan-Central Asia; د افغانستان اسلامي دولت دولت اسلامی افغانستان; افغانستان; Afğānistān; Afgahanistan; Politics in Afghanistan; Afghanistan, I.S. of; Afghanastan; Islamic Transitional Government of Afghanistan; Afghanistan, Rep. of.; Afganhistan; Afghanistani; Afghinastan; State of Afghanistan; Affghanistan; Afgjanistan; Avghanistaun; AfghanistaN; Etymology of Afghanistan; AFGHANISTAN; Afghnistan; A-Stan; Afghanstan; I.R.O.A.; Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān; Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat; Afghānistān; Afġānistān; Afghanistna; Afghanista; Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat; Jomhūrīyyeh Eslāmīyyeh Afġānestān; Avghanistan; Biodiversity of Afghanistan; Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021); Second Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan; Afghan.; Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan; Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021–present); Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021-present); New Afghanistan; Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan; Afhghanistan; Aghanistan; Infrastructure in Afghanistan
  • The Arg]] (the Presidential palace) in Kabul, photographed in 2020, before the Fall of Kabul
  • A map of Afghanistan showing the [[2021 Taliban offensive]]
  • Afghan [[saffron]] has been recognized as the world's best
  • [[Afghan rugs]] are one of Afghanistan's main exports
  • Afghan tribesmen in 1841, painted by British officer [[James Rattray]]
  • pomegranates]] (''anaar''), which Afghanistan is famous for in Asia
  • rubab]]
  • The mountainous [[topography]] of Afghanistan
  • frameless
  • frameless
  • Afghanistan electricity supply 1980–2019
  • location=New Delhi }}</ref>
  • number of districts]]
  • An [[Ariana Afghan Airlines]] [[Airbus A310]] in 2006
  • The ancient national sport of Afghanistan, [[Buzkashi]]
  • Kholm]], 1939 – most Afghans are tribal
  • [[Band-e Amir National Park]]
  • The [[Salang Tunnel]], once the highest tunnel in the world, provides a key connection between the north and south of the country
  • [[Mongol invasions and conquests]] depopulated large areas of Afghanistan
  • Approximate maximum extent of the [[Greco-Bactrian kingdom]], formed by the fragmentation of [[Alexander the Great]]'s Empire, circa 180 BCE
  • Gif Map of Afghanistan 1839–1863, showing the First Anglo-Afghan war, and unification of Afghanistan by Dost Mohammad Khan.
  • Chinooks]] in Afghanistan, 2008
  • upright=1.2
  • The [[Minaret of Jam]] is a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]], currently under threat by erosion and flooding
  • hospitals]] in Afghanistan
  • Kabul skyline, displaying both historical and contemporary buildings
  • Amanullah]] invaded British India in 1919 and proclaimed Afghanistan's full independence thereafter. He proclaimed himself [[King of Afghanistan]] in June 1926.
  • bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B }}</ref>
  • A house occupied by nomadic ''kochi'' people in [[Nangarhar Province]]
  • [[Lapis lazuli]] stones
  • Map of the Hotak Empire during the Reign of [[Mirwais Hotak]], 1709–1715.
  • Map of the Hotak Empire at its height in 1728. Disputed between [[Hussain Hotak]] (Centered in Kandahar) and [[Ashraf Hotak]] (centered in Isfahan)
  • Blue Mosque]] in [[Mazar-i-Sharif]] is the largest [[mosque]] in Afghanistan
  • Badghis province]] of Afghanistan. Early peasant farming villages came into existence in Afghanistan about 7,000 years ago.
  • 1757}}.
  • Saffarid]] rule at its greatest extent under [[Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar]]
  • The [[snow leopard]] is the official national animal of Afghanistan
  • A "Bactrian gold" [[Scythian]] belt depicting [[Dionysus]], from [[Tillya Tepe]] in the ancient region of [[Bactria]]
  • US representative [[Zalmay Khalilzad]] (left) meeting with Taliban leaders, [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]], [[Abdul Hakim Ishaqzai]], [[Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai]], [[Suhail Shaheen]], unidentified. [[Doha]], [[Qatar]] on 21 November 2020.
  • 2021 fall of Kabul]].
  • A traditional Afghan [[embroidery]] pattern
  • UNESCO Institute of Statistics Afghanistan Literacy Rate population plus15 1980–2018
  • Ethnolinguistic map of Afghanistan (2001)
  • Development of the civil war from 1992 to late 2001
  • King Zahir]], the last reigning monarch of Afghanistan, who reigned from 1933 until 1973.
  • Haft Mewa (Seven Fruit Syrup) is popularly consumed during Nowruz in Afghanistan

Afghanistan         
Afghanistan, country in southwestern Asia
Afghan      
adj. Afgaans (betr. Afghanistan)
Afghan      
n. Afghaan, bewoner van Afghanistan

تعريف

Taliban
['tal?ban]
(also Taleban)
¦ noun a fundamentalist Muslim movement that ruled much of Afghanistan 1995-2001.
Origin
from Pers. ?aliban, plural of ?alib 'student, seeker of knowledge', from Arab.

ويكيبيديا

Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Occupying 652,864 square kilometres (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the country's largest city and serves as its capital. As of 2021, Afghanistan's population is 40.2 million (officially estimated to be 32.9 million), composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Qizilbash, Aimak, Pashayi, Baloch, Pamiris, Nuristanis, and others.

Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic era, and the country's strategic location along the historic Silk Road has led it to being described, picturesquely, as the ‘roundabout of the ancient world’. Popularly referred to as the graveyard of empires, the land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by the Persians, Alexander the Great, the Maurya Empire, Arab Muslims, the Mongols, the British, the Soviet Union, and most recently by a US-led coalition. Afghanistan also served as the source from which the Greco-Bactrians and the Mughals, amongst others, rose to form major empires. The various conquests and periods in both the Iranian and Indian cultural spheres made the area a center for Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and later Islam throughout history.

The modern state of Afghanistan began with the Durrani dynasty in the 18th century, with the Durrani Afghan Empire being formed by Ahmad Shah Durrani. The Durrani Empire led conquests in which, at its peak, encompassed land that spanned from eastern Iran to northern India. However, Dost Mohammad Khan is generally considered to be the founder of the first modern Afghan state. Following the Durrani Empire's decline and the death of Ahmad Shah Durrani and Timur Shah, it was divided into multiple smaller independent kingdoms, including but not limited to Herat, Kandahar and Kabul. Afghanistan would be reunited in the 19th century after seven decades of civil war from 1793 to 1863, with wars of unification led by Dost Mohammad Khan from 1823 to 1863, where he conquered the independent principalities of Afghanistan under the Emirate of Kabul. Dost Mohammad died in 1863, days after his last campaign to unite Afghanistan, and Afghanistan was consequently thrown back into civil war with fighting amongst his successors. During this time, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the Great Game between the British Empire (in British-ruled India) and the Russian Empire. From India, the British attempted to subjugate Afghanistan but were repelled in the First Anglo-Afghan War. However, the Second Anglo-Afghan War saw a British victory and the successful establishment of British political influence over Afghanistan. Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919, Afghanistan became free of foreign political hegemony, and emerged as the independent Kingdom of Afghanistan in June 1926 under Amanullah Khan. This monarchy lasted almost half a century, until Zahir Shah was overthrown in 1973, following which the Republic of Afghanistan was established.

Since the late 1970s, Afghanistan's history has been dominated by extensive warfare, including coups, invasions, insurgencies, and civil wars. The conflict began in 1978 when a communist revolution established a socialist state, and subsequent infighting prompted the Soviet Union to invade Afghanistan in 1979. Mujahideen fought against the Soviets in the Soviet–Afghan War and continued fighting amongst themselves following the Soviets' withdrawal in 1989. The Islamic fundamentalist Taliban controlled most of the country by 1996, but their Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan received little international recognition before its overthrow in the 2001 US invasion of Afghanistan. The Taliban returned to power in 2021 after capturing Kabul and overthrowing the government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, thus bringing an end to the 2001–2021 war. Although initially claiming it would form an inclusive government for the country, in September 2021 the Taliban re-established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan with an interim government made up entirely of Taliban members. The Taliban government remains internationally unrecognized.

Afghanistan is rich in natural resources, including lithium, iron, zinc, and copper. It is also the world's largest producer of opium, second largest producer of cannabis, and third largest of both saffron and cashmere. The country is a member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and a founding member of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Due to the effects of war in recent decades, the country has dealt with high levels of terrorism, poverty, and child malnutrition. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th-largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity. However, Afghanistan remains among the world's least developed countries, ranking 180th in the Human development Index, while its per capita GDP (PPP) ranks 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018.

أمثلة من مجموعة نصية لـ٪ 1
1. Full coverage Afghanistan Immigration, asylum and refugees News guide Afghanistan: online media Links Afghanistan Online CIA factbook: Afghanistan
2. For information about Afghanistan, see Rebuilding Afghanistan.
3. Afghanistan v Qatar at Club Aman AFGHANISTAN WON BY 40 RUNS Afghanistan won the toss and elected to bat Afghanistan: 161 all out after 46.5 overs (N.
4. "You have a little ‘German Afghanistan‘ in the north, an ‘Italian Afghanistan‘ in the west, ‘Dutch Afghanistan‘ in Uruzgan and a ‘Canadian Afghanistan‘ in Kandahar and so on.
5. COMBINED FORCES COMMAND – AFGHANISTAN KABUL, AFGHANISTAN BAGRAM AIRFIELD, Afghanistan – Twenty six detainees were released from the Bagram Theater Internment Facility here Wednesday to the Government of Afghanistan.